Oxford

Oxford is a city and college town in the U.S. state of Mississippi. Founded in 1837, it was named after the British city of Oxford. In 1841, the Mississippi State Legislature selected it as the site of the state's first university, Ole Miss. Oxford is also the hometown of Nobel Prize-winning novelist William Faulkner, and served as the inspiration for his fictional Jefferson in Yoknapatawpha County. As of the 2020 US Census, the population was 25,416. The University of Mississippi, also known as "Ole Miss" is located adjacent to the city. The city is located in the North Central Mississippi Hills region, which is known for its red clay hills made up of forested hills. The main commercial corridors on either side of Oxford sit on one side of the Mississippi Highway, while the main unincorporated area sits on the other. Oxford sits at the confluence of eight highways from eight directions: the Mississippi River, the Yazoo River, and the Mississippi Turnpike. It is located 75 miles (121 km) south-southeast of Memphis, Tennessee, and is the county seat of Lafayette County. The county was organized in 1836, and three pioneersJohn Martin, John Chisom, and John Craigpurchased land from Hoka, a female Chickasaw landowner, as a site for the town. They named it "Oxford", intending to promote it as a center of learning in the Old Southwest.

History

Oxford is the primary city name, but also Lafayette are acceptable city names or spellings, Lafayette Springs on the other hand no longer accepted or obsolete and are no longer used as a designation. The official name is City of Oxford. Oxford and Lafayette County were formed from lands ceded by the Chickasaw people in the Treaty of Pontotoc Creek in 1832. In 1841, the Mississippi legislature selected Oxford as the site of the state university, which opened in 1848. Oxford was occupied by Union Army troops under Generals Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman in 1862. In the postwar Reconstruction era, the town recovered slowly, aided by federal judge Robert Andrews Hill, who secured funds to build a new courthouse in 1872. During the Civil Rights Movement, Oxford drew national attention in the Ole Miss riot of 1962. More than 3,000 journalists came to Oxford on September 26, 2008, to cover the first presidential debate of 2008, which was held at the University of Mississippi. The city is home to the National Museum of Mississippi History and Culture, which houses a collection of photographs of the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River runs through the center of the city, and the town has a population of more than 100,000. It is also home to Mississippi State University, which has a campus that was founded in 1841 and is one of the oldest universities in the United States. The town's name is derived from "Oxford", which means "center of learning in the Old Southwest" or "town of learning" in Spanish. The county was organized in 1836, and in 1837 three pioneersJohn Martin, John Chisom, and John Craigpurchased land from Hoka, a female Chick asaw landowner, as a site for the town.

Geography

Oxford is in central Lafayette County in northern Mississippi, about 75 miles (121 km) south-southeast of Memphis, Tennessee. The city is located in the North Central Hills region of Mississippi, known for its heavily forested hills made up of red clay. The streets in the downtown area follow a grid pattern with two naming conventions. Many of the north-south streets are numbered from west to east, beginning at the old railroad depot, with numbers from four to nineteen. Oxford has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and is in hardiness zone 7b. It is located at the confluence of highways from eight directions: Mississippi Highway 6 (now co-signed with US-278) runs west 25 miles (40 km) to Batesville and east 31 miles (50km) to Pontotoc; Highway 7 runs north 30 miles (48 km)to Holly Springs and south 18 miles (29 kilometers) to Water Valley. The University of Mississippi campus is an unincorporated area surrounded by the city. The area is higher and greater in relief than areas to the west (such as the Mississippi Delta or loess bluffs along the Delta), but lower in elevation than areas in northeast Mississippi. The changes in elevation can be noticed when traveling on the Highway 6 bypass, since the east-west highway tends to transect many of theNorth-south ridges. The east- west avenues are named for the U.S. presidents in chronological order from north to south, from Washington to Cleveland; here again, there are gaps.

Demographics

As of the 2020 U.S. Census, there were 25,416 people, 10,351 households, and 5,089 families residing in the city. The average household size was 2.09. The median income for a household was $38,872, and the average household income was $64,643. The per capita income for the city was $29,195. About 12% of families and 32.3% of the population were below the poverty line. The city has a population of 18,916 people, with 8,648 households. The racial makeup of the city is 72.3 percent White, 21.8% African American, 0.3%. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.5 percent of the town's population. In 2010, the city's population was 18.9 percent white, and 21.4 percent black or African American. It is also 3.3 per cent Asian, and 0.1 per cent Pacific Islander, and 1.1% from two or more races. In the city, the average age of a resident is 42.5 years old. The age of the average resident is 43.7 years old, and it is the oldest city in the United States. It has a median household income of $38.872 and a per capita incomes of $29.195. The U.N. has designated the city as one of the cities with the highest poverty rates in the country. It also has the highest homicide rate in the state.

Arts and culture

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Education

The city is served by two public school districts, Oxford School District (with the majority of the area) and Lafayette County School District. It is also served by three private schools: Oxford University School, Regents School of Oxford and Magnolia Montessori. Oxford is partially the home of the main campus of the University of Mississippi, known as "Ole Miss" The North Mississippi Japanese Supplementary School, a Japanese weekend school, is operated in conjunction with the University, with classes held on campus. The city is also home to the Lafayette-Yalobusha Center of Northwest Mississippi Community College, which is an unincorporated enclave surrounded by the city. The former operates Oxford High School, while the latter operates Lafayette County High School. Oxford has one of the highest murder rates in the state, with more than 10 murders per 100,000 residents. The state has the highest homicide rate, with over 10 per cent of residents living in or near the city of Oxford. The highest murder rate is in Oxford, which has more than 11 per cent, and the second-highest is in Lafayette County, Mississippi, with nine per cent. The most recent murder rate was in Oxford and the city's surrounding areas, with seven per cent in the city and four per cent elsewhere in Mississippi. The largest city in Mississippi to have a homicide rate of more than 20 per cent is Tupelo, Mississippi (with more than 12 per cent). The city has a high school graduation rate of over 80 per cent; the highest rate in Mississippi is in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.

Infrastructure

Oxford is home to the National Center for Natural Products Research at the University of Mississippi's School of Pharmacy. University-Oxford Airport is a public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) northwest of the central business district of Oxford. Mississippi Central Railroad provides freight rail service to the Lafayette County Industrial Park in Oxford. The city operates public transportation under the name Oxford-University Transit (OUT), with bus routes throughout the city and University of Oxford campus. Ole Miss students and faculty ride free upon showing University identification. The Baptist Memorial Hospital - North Mississippi, located in Oxford provides comprehensive health care services for Oxford and the surrounding area. The North Mississippi Regional Center, a state-licensed Intermediate Care Facility for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ICF/IID), is located inOxford. Oxford is the only city in the U.S. that is federally licensed to cultivate marijuana for scientific research, and to distribute it to medical marijuana patients. It is the second largest city in Mississippi, after Hattiesburg, with a population of 2.1 million. The population of Oxford is 2.2 million. Oxford has a population density of 1.7 million people per square mile (1.8 million per square kilometre) in 2010. It has one of the highest rates of obesity in the United States, with 1.6 per cent of the population living in the city. It also has the highest rate of diabetes, with 2.7 per cent in 2010, and the lowest rate of cancer.

Sister city

Aubigny-sur-Nère, Cher, France is a sister city of Aubigny, France. The city is located in the Ardennes region of northern France. It is located near the town of Cher-en-Cher, in the Manche region of the same region. The town has a population of about 2,000,000. It has a twin city, Aubigni, France, with a population in excess of 1,500,000 people. The sister city is also known as Aubigné-sur Nère. The twin city is in France's Manche department, and is in the Normandy region of north-east France.

Air Quality, Water Quality, Superfund Sites & UV Index

The Air Quality index is in Oxford, Lafayette County, Mississippi = 89. These Air Quality index is based on annual reports from the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The number of ozone alert days is used as an indicator of air quality, as are the amounts of seven pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and volatile organic chemicals. The Water Quality Index is 47. A measure of the quality of an area’s water supply as rated by the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The EPA has a complex method of measuring the watershed quality, using 15 indicators such as pollutants, turbidity, sediments, and toxic discharges. The Superfund Sites Index is 99. Higher is better (100=best). Based upon the number and impact of EPA Superfund pollution sites in the county, including spending on the cleanup efforts. The UV Index in Oxford = 4.7 and is a measure of an area's exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. This is most often a combination of sunny weather, altitude, and latitude. The UV Index has been defined by the WHO (www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index) and is uniform worldwide.

Employed

The most recent city population of 25,416 individuals with a median age of 30.7 age the population grows by 17.05% in Oxford, Lafayette County, Mississippi population since 2000 and are distributed over a density of 954.88 residents per square mile of area (368.68/km²). There are average 2 people per household in the 6,465 households with an average household income of $25,493 a year. The unemployment rate in Alabama is 7.50% of the available work force and has dropped -3.78% over the most recent 12-month period and the projected change in job supply over the next decade based on migration patterns, economic growth, and other factors will increase by 24.94%. The number of physicians in Oxford per 100,000 population = 233.8.

Weather

The annual rainfall in Oxford = 55.5 inches and the annual snowfall = 3.1 inches. The annual number of days with measurable precipitation (over .01 inch) = 100. The average number of days per year that are predominantly sunny = 217. 91 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily high temperature for the month of July and 30.8 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily low temperature for the month of January. The Comfort Index (higher=better) is 29, where higher values mean a more pleasant climate. The Comfort Index measure recognizes that humidity by itself isn't the problem. (Have you noticed nobody ever complains about the weather being 'cold and humid?) It's in the summertime that we notice the humidity the most, when it's hot and muggy. Our Comfort Index uses a combination of afternoon summer temperature and humidity to closely predict the effect that the humidity will have on people.

Median Home Cost

The percentage of housing units in Oxford, Lafayette County, Mississippi which are owned by the occupant = 31.37%. A housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home, or room occupied as separate living quarters. The average age of homes = 24 years with median home cost = $183,740 and home appreciation of -0.08%. This is the value of the years most recent home sales data. Its important to note that this is not the average (or arithmetic mean). The median home price is the middle value when you arrange all the sales prices of homes from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average, because the median is not changed as much by a few unusually high or low values. The property tax rate of $4.93 shown here is the rate per $1,000 of home value. If for simplification for example the tax rate is $14.00 and the home value is $250,000, the property tax would be $14.00 x ($250,000/1000), or $3500. This is the 'effective' tax rate.

Study

The local school district spends $4,644 per student. There are 15.6 students for each teacher in the school, 344 students for each Librarian and 569 students for each Counselor. 3.25% of the area’s population over the age of 25 with an Associate Degree or other 2-year college degree, 23.88% with a master’s degree, Ph.D. or other advanced college degree and 22.68% with high school diplomas or high school equivalency degrees (GEDs).